Evaluation of the accuracy of mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in suspect breast lesions.

OBJECTIVES: In breast cancer diagnosis, mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the imaging methods most used. There is a scarcity of comparative studies that evaluate the accuracy of these methods in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the review of electronic medical records of 32 female patients who underwent breast imaging examinations at a imaging diagnostic center in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil. Patients who had these three imaging methods at the time of the evaluation of the same nodule were included. The nodule must have been classified as suspect by the BI-RADS® system in at least one of the methods. Data from each method were compared with the histopathological examination. Statistical analysis used the calculation of proportions in Excel 2010. RESULTS: MMG showed 56.2%, 87.5%, 81.8%, 66.7% and 71.8% of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy, respectively. USG had 75%, 18.8%, 48%, 42.8% and 46.9% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. In turn, MRI had 100%, 50%, 66.7%, 100% and 75% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Thus, MRI and MMG were more accurate in evaluating suspicious breast lumps. MRI had a low specificity, mainly to high breast density, while MMG had also sensitivity limited due to high breast density and USG has been proven to be useful in these patients.

Evaluation of the accuracy of mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in suspect breast lesions

OBJECTIVES: In breast cancer diagnosis, mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the imaging methods most used. There is a scarcity of comparative studies that evaluate the accuracy of these methods in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the review of electronic medical records of 32 female patients who underwent breast imaging examinations at a imaging diagnostic center in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil. Patients who had these three imaging methods at the time of the evaluation of the same nodule were included. The nodule must have been classified as suspect by the BI-RADS® system in at least one of the methods. Data from each method were compared with the histopathological examination. Statistical analysis used the calculation of proportions in Excel 2010. RESULTS: MMG showed 56.2%, 87.5%, 81.8%, 66.7% and 71.8% of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy, respectively. USG had 75%, 18.8%, 48%, 42.8% and 46.9% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. In turn, MRI had 100%, 50%, 66.7%, 100% and 75% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Thus, MRI and MMG were more accurate in evaluating suspicious breast lumps. MRI had a low specificity, mainly to high breast density, while MMG had also sensitivity limited due to high breast density and USG has been proven to be useful in these patients.

Mirror and Vibration Therapies Effects on the Upper Limbs of Hemiparetic Patients after Stroke: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: To evaluate, in this pilot study, the effects of the mirror (MT) and vibration therapies (VT) on the functionality of hemiparesis patients after stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one individuals after stroke with upper limb hemiparesis were randomized into control group (CG), Mirror Therapy Group (MTG), and Vibration Therapy Group (VTG). The functionality was evaluated before and after 12 sessions with three tests (i) Mobility Index Rivermead, (ii) Motor Function Wolf Test (time, functional ability), and (iii) Jebsen Taylor Test. RESULTS: Significant findings were observed for MTG or VTG when compared to the CG, obtaining improvements in the three functional tests: Mobility Index Rivermead, Motor Function Test Wolf (time) and Motor Function Test Wolf (functional ability), and Jebsen Test Taylor. CONCLUSIONS: MT or VT showed enhancements on the functionality of subjects with poststroke hemiparesis. In consequence, these interventions may be used in the rehabilitation of these individuals in order to promote improvements of the affected upper limb functionality. Probably, neuromuscular responses of the used therapies would be related to these desirable effects. However, it is necessary conducting further controlled studies with more subjects.

Relação dos índices antropométricos e vitamina D com o desempenho funcional em idosos / Relationship of anthropometric indices and vitamin D with functional performance in elderly

A complexidade que abrange o processo do envelhecimento e a saúde do idoso envolve mudanças no estado nutricional, como alterações dos índices antropométricos e das concentrações de vitamina D. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho funcional dos idosos e sua relação com parâmetros antropométricos e níveis de vitamina D. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado com 359 idosos assistidos por equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Teresina-PI, no período entre fevereiro a junho de 2011. Os idosos foram entrevistados individualmente em visitas domiciliares, utilizando-se um questionário estruturado com questões abertas e fechadas referentes aos dados sociodemográficos. Em seguida, foram submetidos ao exame bioquímico onde se realizou uma venopunção, com uma coleta de 5ml de sangue para posterior dosagens séricas de 25OHD. Logo após, foi realizada a avaliação dos índices antropométricos, por meio de medidas de massa corporal (MC), estimativa da estatura (E), índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do braço e dobra cutânea tricipital. E posteriormente, para a avaliação do desempenho funcional dos idosos foi utilizado o teste Timed Up and Go (TUG). Os resultados demonstraram que o tempo médio de realização do TUG foi 13,8s. Observou-se que massa corporal (12%), altura (6%), área muscular do braço (5%) e vitamina D (29%) foram estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) quando comparados entre os sexos. A correlação foi significativa entre associações TUG, idade (p = 0,407, p < 0,001) e altura (p = -0,201, p < 0,001). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o TUG, idade (p = 0,413, p < 0,001) e altura (p = -0,259, p < 0,001) para o grupo feminino (n = 220) e correlações significativas entre o TUG, idade (p = 0,507, p < 0,001) para o grupo masculino (n = 139). Conclui-se que dentre os parâmetros antropométricos o IMC e a circunferência abdominal foram associados com o desempenho no teste mostrando que quanto maior o IMC e CA maior o tempo de realização do teste. Os níveis séricos de Vitamina D não foram associados ao desempenho no teste. (AU)

The complexity covering the aging process and the health of the aged involves changes in nutritional status, such as changes in anthropometric indices and vitamin D concentrations. This study aimed to analyze the functional performance of the aged and its relationship with anthropometric parameters and levels of vitamin D. It is a transversal and descriptive study with 359 aged people assisted by teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city Teresina-PI in the period from February to June 2011. The aged were interviewed individually during home visits, using a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions relating to sociodemographic data. They were then subjected to biochemical tests were conducted a venipuncture through a collection of 5ml of blood for subsequent serum levels of 25OHD. Soon after, it was carried out the evaluation of anthropometric indices, using body mass (MC), height estimate (E), body mass index (BMI), arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. And later, to evaluate the functional performance of the aged was used test Timed Up and Go (TUG). The results showed that the mean duration of the TUG was 13,8s. It was observed that body weight (12%), height (6%), muscle area of the arm (5%) and vitamin D (29%) were statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared between the sexes. Correlation coefficients were significant associations between TUG, age (p = 0.407, p < 0.001) and time (p = -0.201, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between the TUG, age (p = 0.413, p < 0.001) and height (p = -0.259, p < 0.001) for the female group (n = 220) and significant correlations between the TUG, age (p = 0.507, p < 0.001) for the male group (n = 139). It is concluded that among the anthropometric parameters BMI and waist circumference were associated with performance on the test showing that the higher BMI and higher CA the test performance time. Serum levels of vitamin D were not associated with performance on the test. (AU)